Diby KEITA

The Impact of Globalization on Local Cultures: An Analysis of Sous l’orage by Seydou Badian

Résumé

La mondialisation a profondément influencé les cultures locales, remodelant les traditions, les valeurs et les identités. Sous l'orage de Seydou Badian est une représentation littéraire convaincante de ce phénomène, décrivant les tensions entre les traditions africaines autochtones et les influences occidentales apportées par le colonialisme. Cette étude explore comment la mondialisation, telle qu'elle est reflétée dans le roman, remet en question les normes culturelles et l'identité locales. Le problème central abordé est le conflit culturel entre tradition et modernité. Plus précisément, l'étude examine comment les forces de la mondialisation perturbent les structures sociales établies, créant des divisions générationnelles et idéologiques. L'objectif général est d'analyser dans quelle mesure Sous l'orage illustre ces transformations culturelles et leurs effets à long terme sur les communautés locales. Fondée sur la théorie postcoloniale, cette étude utilise les concepts de négociation identitaire, de résistance culturelle et d'hybridité. L'approche méthodologique est qualitative, utilisant l'analyse textuelle pour examiner les interactions entre les personnages, les thèmes et les techniques narratives qui illustrent la critique de la mondialisation par le roman. Les résultats de l'enquête montrent que Sous l'orage met en lumière à la fois la résilience et la fragilité des cultures locales face à la mondialisation. Le roman montre comment l'imposition de valeurs étrangères conduit à des conflits sociétaux, notamment entre les jeunes et les plus âgés, remettant en cause la pérennité des traditions autochtones face aux pressions modernes. Il est recommandé de renforcer les efforts de préservation culturelle par des initiatives éducatives et politiques qui favorisent une intégration équilibrée des influences mondiales tout en préservant le patrimoine local. Comprendre les effets de la mondialisation à travers la littérature peut aider les sociétés à s'adapter culturellement sans éroder leur identité unique.

Abstract

Globalization has profoundly influenced local cultures, reshaping traditions, values, and identities. Seydou Badian’s Sous l’orage serves as a compelling literary representation of this phenomenon, depicting the tensions between indigenous African traditions and Western influences brought by colonialism. This study explores how globalization, as reflected in the novel, challenges local cultural norms and identity. The central problem addressed is the cultural conflict between tradition and modernity. Specifically, the study examines how the forces of globalization disrupt established social structures, creating generational and ideological divides. The overall objective is to analyze the extent to which Sous l’orage illustrates these cultural transformations and their long-term effects on local communities. Grounded in postcolonial theory, this study employs concepts of identity negotiation, cultural resistance, and hybridity. The methodological approach is qualitative, using textual analysis to examine character interactions, themes, and narrative techniques that illustrate the novel’s critique of globalization. Findings indicate that Sous l’orage highlights both the resilience and fragility of local cultures in the face of globalization. The novel portrays how the imposition of foreign values leads to societal conflicts, particularly between younger and older generations, ultimately questioning the sustainability of indigenous traditions amid modern pressures. As a recommendation, cultural preservation efforts should be strengthened through education and policy initiatives that promote a balanced integration of global influences while safeguarding local heritage. Understanding globalization’s effects through literature can help societies navigate cultural adaptation without eroding their unique identities.

Table des matières

pp. 59-74

Introduction

1Globalization has become a defining force in contemporary societies, shaping economies, politics, and cultures. While it fosters interconnectedness, it also poses challenges to local traditions and identities, often leading to tensions between modernity and heritage. In African literature, many authors have explored this theme, particularly in relation to colonialism and its aftermath. Seydou Badian’s Sous l’orage is a compelling example, depicting the cultural struggles of a traditional African society facing external influences. Through its characters and conflicts, the novel offers a literary reflection on the impact of globalization on indigenous cultures, making it a relevant subject for analysis.

2The central problem of this study is the disruption of local cultures due to globalization. Specifically, it examines how the imposition of foreign values challenges traditional African customs and generates conflicts within communities. This leads to the following research question: To what extent does Sous l’orage illustrate the effects of globalization on local cultures and social structures? The overall objective of this study is to analyze how the novel portrays cultural transformations and their long-term impact on African societies.

3This research is grounded in postcolonial theory, drawing from key concepts such as cultural hybridity (Homi Bhabha), identity resistance, and alienation (Frantz Fanon). These perspectives provide a framework to assess how globalization affects individual and collective identities in Sous l’orage.

4Methodologically, this study adopts a qualitative approach based on textual analysis. By examining character interactions, thematic representations, and narrative structures, it seeks to understand how Badian critiques globalization’s impact on cultural continuity.

5The study is structured into four (4) parts. The first part analyses cultural conflict in Sous l’orage. The second analyzes the access identity transformation. The third part evaluates social and generational impact, and the final section discusses the broader implications of these findings for understanding globalization’s effects on local traditions.

Methodology

6This study employs a qualitative research methodology, focusing on textual analysis to examine the themes, characters, and narrative structure of Sous l’orage. By closely analyzing dialogues, character interactions, and conflicts, the study explores how Seydou Badian portrays the effects of globalization on local cultures. The research is grounded in postcolonial theory, drawing from key concepts such as cultural hybridity (Homi Bhabha) and identity resistance (Frantz Fanon) to interpret the novel’s critique of external influences on African traditions. A thematic approach is used to identify patterns of cultural conflict and adaptation within the text. Additionally, secondary sources, including scholarly articles on postcolonial literature and globalization’s impact on African societies, provide a contextual foundation for the analysis. This methodology allows for a nuanced understanding of how Sous l’orage reflects broader socio-cultural transformations in a globalized world.

Results and Discussion:

7The analysis of Sous l’orage reveals the profound impact of globalization on local cultures, particularly in the context of colonial influence and modernization. The novel illustrates how the imposition of foreign values disrupts traditional African social structures, creating tensions between generations and challenging cultural identity. This section discusses the key findings of the study, highlighting the novel’s critique of globalization and its implications for the preservation of indigenous traditions.

Analyzing Cultural Conflict

8Globalization has brought profound changes to local cultures, often leading to conflicts between tradition and modernity. In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian illustrates this struggle in a West African society facing colonial and post-colonial influences. The novel presents a vivid portrayal of generational and ideological clashes as characters navigate between ancestral customs and new values introduced by Western influence. That is why Badian says: «Respect for customs was a sacred heritage, but the wind of change was already blowing over our people”(p.13). This quote reflects the tension between tradition and change, a central theme in Sous l'orage by Seydou Badian. It suggests that while respect for customs was once considered a deeply sacred and integral part of the community, the forces of modernization and globalization are gradually challenging those values. The "wind of change" symbolizes the inevitable impact of external influences such as education, new technologies, and shifting social norms that are reshaping the community’s way of life. The statement underscores the struggle faced by individuals caught between holding on to their cultural heritage and adapting to the demands of a changing world.

9The central conflict in Sous l’orage revolves around Kany, a young woman torn between the expectations of her traditional family and her own aspirations influenced by modern education. Her father, Doussouba, represents the old ways, emphasizing arranged marriage and communal values, while Kany embodies the new generation seeking personal freedom and self-determination. The tension between these perspectives highlights how globalization, through Western education and cultural exposure, challenges established norms. Badian opines: “School opens minds, but must we renounce who we are because of it?” (p.45). This quote addresses the complex relationship between education and cultural identity in the context of globalization. While schooling offers intellectual growth and broadens perspectives, it raises the question of whether it requires individuals to abandon their cultural roots and traditions. In Sous l'orage, Seydou Badian explores how the younger generation, exposed to Western ideas through education, faces the challenge of balancing new knowledge with respect for their heritage. The quote ultimately reflects the fear that embracing modernity and progress might lead to the loss of one's identity and cultural connection.

10Furthermore, globalization’s impact is seen in economic changes that disrupt traditional ways of life. Western ideas about individual success begin to replace communal values, leading to social fragmentation. Some characters embrace these changes as progress, while others resist them, fearing the loss of cultural identity. He states: “In the past, we lived together as one family; today, everyone thinks only of themselves.” (p.67) . This quote highlights the shift from communal values to individualism, reflecting the impact of globalization on local cultures. In the past, society was more unified, with a strong sense of collective responsibility and shared values. However, as external influences and modernization take hold, people become more focused on their personal interests, leading to a breakdown in communal bonds. In Sous l'orage, Seydou Badian illustrates how the pressures of globalization cause a shift in social dynamics, where traditional values of unity and togetherness are replaced by a more individualistic approach to life.

11Sous l’orage effectively captures the cultural conflicts brought about by globalization, showing both the resistance to and the acceptance of change. Through Kany’s journey and her struggle against traditional constraints, the novel suggests that cultures must adapt while preserving their core values. It advocates for a balanced approach where tradition and modernity coexist harmoniously. Badian says: “The future belongs to those who know how to unite the past and the present without losing their soul.”(p.82). This quote emphasizes the importance of finding a balance between honoring tradition and embracing progress in the face of globalization. It suggests that the future will belong to those who can integrate the wisdom and values of the past with the opportunities of the present, without losing their identity or core beliefs. In Sous l'orage, Seydou Badian explores how characters navigate this tension, struggling to maintain their cultural heritage while adapting to new, often Western-influenced, ways of life. The quote ultimately suggests that true progress comes from blending the old and the new, ensuring that one’s essence remains intact while evolving with the times.

Assessing Identity Transformation

12Globalization influences not only economies and traditions but also personal and collective identities. In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian explores how exposure to new ideas, education, and social changes reshape the identities of individuals and communities. Kany, the protagonist, embodies this transformation as she navigates between her traditional roots and the modern world’s opportunities. The novel presents identity as dynamic, evolving through the tension between old and new values. That is why Badian says: “The world changes, and with it, we must learn to redefine ourselves without losing our essence.” (p.43). This quote speaks to the necessity of adaptation in the face of global change while retaining one's core identity. It suggests that as the world evolves through modernization, globalization, or new ideas individuals and societies must learn to navigate these shifts without losing the essence of who they are. In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian explores the tension between preserving cultural heritage and embracing new ways of thinking and living. The quote highlights the struggle to remain true to one's roots while engaging with the broader, changing world, emphasizing the need for a balance between change and tradition.

13One of the key aspects of identity transformation in Sous l’orage is the role of education. Kany’s exposure to Western schooling broadens her worldview, making her question customs that have long defined her society. While her family expects her to follow tradition, she begins to see herself as an individual with the right to make her own choices, especially regarding marriage and her future. This internal conflict reflects the broader societal struggle between maintaining cultural identity and embracing modern influences. He opines: “Education enlightens the mind, but it can also distance a person from their roots.” (p.65) In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian explores the tension between modern education and traditional cultural values. The quote reflects how education, while broadening one’s knowledge, can also lead individuals away from their cultural origins. As globalization spreads Western ideals, it often clashes with local customs, causing a disconnect between the younger generation and their roots. The novel highlights this conflict, illustrating the personal and societal challenges of balancing progress with the preservation of cultural identity.

14Another dimension of identity transformation is the shift in gender roles. Traditionally, women in Kany’s society were expected to obey family decisions, particularly regarding marriage. However, as globalization introduces new ideals of freedom and self-determination, Kany begins to challenge these norms. Her journey represents a redefinition of identity, where women seek autonomy without completely abandoning cultural values. Badian states: “Being a woman is not just about obeying; it is also about choosing.”(p.45) This quote challenges traditional gender roles by emphasizing a woman's right to make her own decisions. It suggests that being a woman should not be solely defined by obedience to societal or cultural expectations. Instead, it highlights the importance of autonomy and the ability to choose one’s own path in life. The statement reflects a shift in perspective, likely influenced by modernization and changing social values, as explored in Sous l’orage by Seydou Badian. Ultimately, it advocates for women’s empowerment, encouraging them to assert their independence while navigating tradition and change.

15Beyond the personal level, Sous l’orage also examines how globalization alters collective identity. Communities that once functioned as tight-knit units start experiencing fragmentation as individuals pursue personal ambitions. Some embrace change, while others resist it, fearing that the loss of traditional structures will erode their cultural heritage. This struggle demonstrates the complexities of identity transformation in a rapidly globalizing world. Badian states: “We were a united people, but little by little, each person carves their own path, forgetting where they come from.”(p.87). This passage reflects on the gradual shift from communal unity to individualism. It suggests that in the past, people were closely connected, sharing common values and a sense of belonging. However, over time, personal ambitions and self-interest have led individuals to focus on their own paths, often at the expense of their cultural or communal roots. The statement expresses nostalgia for a time when people prioritized collective identity over personal success.

16Sous l’orage provides a deep exploration of how globalization transforms identity on both individual and societal levels. Through Kany’s experiences, the novel highlights the internal and external conflicts that arise when tradition and modernity intersect. Ultimately, it suggests that true identity transformation involves finding a balance embracing progress while preserving the cultural values that define a people. Badian says: “The future belongs to those who know how to move forward without denying their history.”(p.78) This quote emphasizes the need to balance progress with cultural and historical awareness. It suggests that true advancement does not come from rejecting the past but from using it as a foundation for the future. In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian explores this struggle, as characters navigate between tradition and modernization, questioning how to embrace change without erasing their heritage. The statement ultimately highlights that a strong future is built by those who respect and learn from their history while adapting to new realities.

Evaluating Social and Generational Impact

17Globalization affects societies across generations, reshaping social structures, family relationships, and communal values. In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian explores how older and younger generations respond differently to cultural change. While elders strive to preserve traditions, the youth are drawn to modern ideals, leading to tensions between past and present. This generational divide illustrates how globalization challenges societal norms, forcing communities to adapt or resist. Badian says: “The world never stays the same, but it is the youth who bear the weight of change.”(p.76) This passage acknowledges the constant flux of the world, highlighting that change is inevitable. It suggests that while the world evolves, it is the younger generation who must navigate and adapt to these transformations. The "weight of change" reflects the challenges and responsibilities placed on the youth to shape and respond to the shifting landscape. It emphasizes the role of youth in driving progress and managing societal transitions.

18One of the most striking generational conflicts in Sous l’orage is the difference in attitudes toward marriage and family roles. Kany’s father, Doussouba, represents the traditional belief that marriage should be arranged by elders to maintain family honor. However, Kany desires to choose her own partner, influenced by modern ideas of love and personal freedom. This conflict highlights how globalization introduces new perspectives that challenge long-standing customs. Badian opines: “What the elders call respect, the youth sometimes see as a prison.” (p.67) This quote highlights the generational tension between tradition and modernity. Elders view respect as a fundamental cultural value that preserves order, heritage, and identity. However, the youth may perceive these same traditions as restrictive, limiting their freedom and ability to adapt to a changing world. The statement reflects the broader theme in Sous l’orage of how globalization and modernization challenge long-standing customs and societal expectations.

19Another significant social impact of globalization in the novel is the transformation of community dynamics. Traditionally, African societies emphasized collectivism, where individuals worked for the well-being of the whole group. However, as Western ideals of individual success take root, people begin to prioritize personal ambitions over communal responsibilities. This shift creates a growing disconnect between generations, with elders fearing the loss of unity. Badian says: “We were one people, one voice, but today, everyone speaks for themselves.” (p.84). This quote reflects the theme of cultural fragmentation due to modernization and globalization. It suggests that in the past, there was a strong sense of unity and collective identity within the community. However, as external influences and individual aspirations grow, people become more focused on their personal interests rather than the common good. In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian illustrates how societal changes challenge traditional values, leading to a shift from communal harmony to individualism.

20The novel also highlights the role of education in widening the generational gap. While the younger generation sees education as a path to independence and progress, many elders view it as a threat to cultural values. This tension reflects broader societal struggles, as globalization often forces communities to choose between preserving their heritage and embracing new opportunities. That is why Badian states: “Education gives wings, but what use are they if they take us away from our nest?”(p.65). This quote highlights the double-edged nature of education in the context of globalization and cultural identity. On one hand, education provides knowledge and opportunities, empowering individuals to explore new horizons. However, it can also create a disconnect from one's cultural roots, leading people to adopt foreign values at the expense of their heritage. In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian explores this tension, questioning whether progress should come at the cost of losing one’s identity and connection to the community.

21Sous l’orage illustrates how globalization creates deep social and generational shifts, particularly in family dynamics, community values, and education. The novel presents these conflicts as inevitable but suggests that adaptation is necessary for growth. By bridging the gap between generations, societies can find ways to honor their past while embracing the future. Badian states: “It is not about forgetting where we come from, but about knowing where we are going.” (p.75). This quote emphasizes the need to balance tradition and progress in the face of globalization. It suggests that while it is important to honor and remember one's cultural roots, it is equally crucial to embrace change and move forward. In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian explores this struggle, as characters navigate between respecting their heritage and adapting to new influences. The statement ultimately calls for a thoughtful integration of the past and the future, ensuring that cultural identity is preserved while embracing growth and modernity.

Drawing Broader Implications

22The themes explored in Sous l’orage go beyond the specific context of West Africa, reflecting a universal struggle between tradition and modernity. Globalization affects cultures worldwide, influencing identities, social structures, and generational relationships. By examining how globalization reshapes cultural values, the novel invites readers to reflect on the long-term consequences of modernization on communities and individual lives. He opines: He says “What we experience here, other people experience too, for the wind of change knows no borders.” (p.49) This quote highlights the universal nature of change, emphasizing that globalization affects all societies, not just one. It suggests that cultural transformations, struggles, and adaptations are shared experiences across different communities. In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian explores how external influences, such as education and modernization, challenge traditional values, reflecting a broader global phenomenon. The statement ultimately underscores that no culture exists in isolation, as the forces of change transcend borders and reshape identities worldwide.

23One of the broader implications of Sous l’orage is the challenge of maintaining cultural heritage in the face of global influences. As Western education, technology, and values spread, many traditional societies struggle to preserve their customs. The novel suggests that while adaptation is necessary, completely abandoning cultural roots can lead to an identity crisis, a concern faced by many post-colonial societies today. Badian says: “A tree without roots may grow, but it will not stand against the storms.” (p.88) This quote emphasizes the importance of cultural roots in maintaining identity and resilience. It suggests that while individuals and societies may adapt and grow, losing connection to their traditions makes them vulnerable to external pressures. In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian explores this theme by showing how globalization and modernization challenge traditional African values. The statement ultimately warns that progress without a strong cultural foundation can lead to instability and loss of identity.

24Another key implication is the role of globalization in redefining social and gender roles. Kany’s resistance to an arranged marriage and her pursuit of education mirror larger movements toward gender equality across the world. The novel raises the question of whether modernization truly liberates individuals or if it simply replaces one set of expectations with another. That is why Badian says: “Progress promises freedom, but it also imposes its own chains.” (p.67) This quote highlights the paradox of progress, showing that while it offers new opportunities, it also comes with challenges and restrictions. It suggests that modernization and globalization bring freedom through education, technology, and social change, but they can also create dependence, cultural loss, or new societal pressures. In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian explores how the younger generation aspires to modern ideals, yet struggles with the constraints imposed by these very changes. The statement ultimately questions whether progress truly liberates or simply replaces old limitations with new ones.

25Economically, Sous l’orage highlights how globalization disrupts traditional economies and introduces new social inequalities. As Western-style economic models replace communal ways of living, some individuals benefit while others struggle. This reflects a global trend where economic growth often leads to wealth gaps, forcing societies to reconsider how to balance progress with social justice. Badian says: “Money brings opportunities, but it also creates divides between people.” (p.87) This quote highlights the dual impact of wealth on society, particularly in the context of globalization. While money can provide access to education, technology, and new opportunities, it can also lead to social and economic inequalities. In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian explores how modernization and material wealth create divisions between generations and social classes, challenging traditional communal values. The statement ultimately suggests that while financial progress can be beneficial, it also risks weakening social bonds and increasing disparities within a community

26Sous l’orage serves as a powerful reflection on how globalization reshapes cultures, identities, and societies. While it brings progress, it also presents challenges that require thoughtful adaptation. The novel suggests that rather than rejecting change or blindly embracing it, societies must find a way to integrate modern influences while respecting their cultural foundations. This lesson extends beyond Africa to communities worldwide facing similar dilemmas. Badian opines: “The future belongs to those who know how to move forward without forgetting where they come from.”(p.69). This quote emphasizes the importance of balancing progress with cultural heritage in a rapidly changing world. It suggests that true success comes from embracing modernization while staying rooted in one’s traditions and values. In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian explores this theme through characters who struggle between adopting new ways of life and preserving their ancestral customs. The statement ultimately highlights that the future is for those who can navigate change without losing their identity.

Conclusion

27In Sous l’orage, Seydou Badian illustrates the profound impact of globalization on local cultures, particularly through the lens of education and modernity. The novel highlights how education, as a product of Western influence, can alienate individuals from their traditional roots and values. This disconnection is evident in the protagonist's internal struggle between embracing modernity for social and economic advancement and staying true to the cultural heritage of his community. Badian effectively portrays the cultural clash caused by globalization, where the younger generation is drawn to the promise of progress, but at the cost of losing their cultural identity and communal ties.

28The novel raises critical questions about how societies should navigate the pressures of globalization while preserving their local traditions. It demonstrates that while education and modernity can provide new opportunities, they can also erode the essence of a culture if not balanced with a respect for tradition. In the face of globalization, Sous l’orage serves as a poignant reflection on the complexities of cultural transformation, emphasizing the importance of finding a middle ground where both progress and cultural heritage can coexist. Through its exploration of these themes, Badian urges readers to consider the costs of modernization on local cultures and the delicate process of preserving identity in an increasingly interconnected world.

Bibliographie

Pour citer ce document

Quelques mots à propos de :  Diby KEITA